Complications arise in approximately 14% of dogs who receive this treatment. Procedures—A diagnosis of intramural ectopic ureters was made via cystoscopy and fluoroscopy in all patients.
With surgeries involving the urinary tract, urinary tract infections may develop. (a) Urethral lumen (black arrow) showing the intramural ectopic ureteral opening in the mid-urethra (yellow arrow). A number of surgical methods have been described to correct this condition, however they are associated with a reasonably high complication rate and are, on the whole, relatively invasive procedures. ectopic ureter (EEU) and intramural ectopic ureter (IEU). Animals—32 incontinent female dogs with intramural ectopic ureters. EEUs open directly into the urethra, uterus or vagina without any anatomic attachment with urinary bladder. Whenever general anesthesia is used, certain serious risks exist.

The (badly drawn) diagrams demonstrate both of these types.

The dogs were diagnosed as right extramural ectopic ureter in case 1 and bilateral intramural ectopic ureter in case 2. On the other hands, in IEUs a ureter passes through the mucosal and sub-mucosal layers of the bladder to open in the bladder neck, urethra, or vagina (Ho et al., 2011). To the author's knowledge, intramural ectopic ureters have not been reported in the cat. Transurethral CLA-EU (via diode laser [n = 27] or Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser [3]) was performed to relocate the ectopic ureteral orifice cranially into the urinary bladder. LASER ablation of intramural ectopic ureters is a successful, minimally-invasive treatment option. During LASER ablation the patient is put under general anesthesia and a cystoscope is passed into the bladder through the urethra from the outside of the body. Summary The principal treatment modality for ureteral ectopia is surgery. Most (95%) ectopic ureters are 'intramural' which means that the tube connects to the bladder at a relatively normal location but travels within the wall of the bladder or urethra and opens at the wrong point.
30.6 Endoscopic images of a female dog taken during cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of a right intramural ectopic ureter. With intramural ectopic ureters, the ureter enters the bladder wall in the normal location, but then tunnels distally within the bladder wall before opening into the urethra or vagina.

If the dog suffered from dilated ureters, this problem may worsen after surgery. Dog Ectopic Ureter Repair Considerations. Dysuria can be present in some instances. The dog is in dorsal recumbency. Ectopic ureters are the most common cause of urinary incontinence in juvenile female dogs, if you need more information about exactly what they are then please see my owner guide here. Some ectopic ureters will be 'extramural' meaning they attach and open at the wrong point.